When we look at the greatest resources of every nation, it is the human resource of the country. Next it presents new estimates, based on the latest information available, of the magnitude of the malaysian diaspora and brain drain. The viewscontents expressed in this article are the sole responsibility of and do not necessarily reflect those of the nigerian voice. Ipinyomi, university of ilorin, nigeria by brain drain we are referring to an international transfer of resources in the form of human capital that is not recorded in any official balance of payments statistics.
It first places the brain drain in the global context, highlighting that brain drain is far from unique to malaysia. Nigerian doctors proffer solutions to brain drain in. This perennial situation made the study to examine the factors. Presentation about brain drain causes and solutions for buet english lab slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Causes and solutions to intellectual brain drain in pakistan. May 26, 2015 the future of nigerias health system is precarious in view of the huge challenges this single problem of brain drain contributes to the nations health sector. The viewscontents expressed in this article are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not neccessarily reflect those of modern ghana. Aug 24, 2018 when we look at the greatest resources of every nation, it is the human resource of the country. Migration of skilled workers from one sector of industry to anothergeographical. The economic depression of the late 80s has made work force groups particularly in the medical industry to look beyond their nose and seek for greener pasture somewhere outside their environ at all cost.
The phenomenon refers to the departure of highly skilled individuals from organizations, industries, and. The brain drain in africa yaw nyarko introduction increased attention has recently been paid to the phenomenon of the brain drain of skilled and often unskilled africans from their home countries to countries in the west. Causes and solutions to intellectual brain drain in pakistan nadia sajjad. Pull factors such as good security and better economic and social opportunities in countries that attract skilled people have essentially the same effect on skilled persons in all of.
Prior the contact, agriculture was the main stay of africas economy. The causes of brain drain in nigeria studies indicate that the nigerian braindrain is the product of internal and external factors working simultaneously to push nigerians out of their country and pull them into developed nations respectively. This bibliography was generated on cite this for me on thursday, february 5, 2015. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Jun 01, 2010 kevin idehen recently completed an mba 09 at the london south bank university and his dissertation topic was. The causes of brain drain in nigeria studies indicate that the nigerian braindrain is the product of internal and external factors working simultaneously to push nigerians out of their country and pull them into developed nations. Escalation of brain drain in nigeria from poor leadership point of view, aliyu 2005 titled an examination of the causes of brain drain in nigerian universities, okolo et al 2014 titledeffect of brain drain of librarians on service delivery in some selected nigerian. The regional, national and global flow of migrates are increasing every second. It ignited western societies contact with africa and the rest of the world. Causes of increased brain drain in developing countries. The global effects of the brain drain on health care. The pull factors can be described as the favourable conditions in the receiving countries which attract many migrants from africa, and make them decide to migrate in the first place. One of the era students carefully and candidly outlines her plan to contribute to nigerias brain drain, saying, i want to achieve my personal goals, become an engineer or a doctor. The brain drain from developing countries a brain drain can also have benefits for home countries.
Mar 31, 2008 but when we discussed her decision to join the brain drain, we were evidently entering painful territory. If the ideals of united nations are honestly pursued, the issue of brain drain should attract their attention even at the security council level. Causes of brain drain the causes of hard brain drain box 1 have been described by many authors 1,6,7. Brain drain can occur either when individuals who study abroad and complete their education do not return to their home country, or when individuals educated in their home. If brain drain is not always bad, then limiting the movement of highly skilled people may not be necessary.
Nigeria in particular is a victim of brain drain, a problem the government is yet to acknowledge until its squabbling politicians wake up to the fact that this world is a global village where every serious nation attracts the best of brain from all corners of the world. Causes of brain drain the major causes of brain drain can be looked into as pull and push factors. Effect of brain drain to africa this twentyfirst century. Understanding the escalation of brain drain in nigeria. You waste your time, resources and efforts schooling such as going through the rigors of let say medical school, only for someone to refuse paying you salary, frustrate your effort, lack o. In all, the brain drain phenomenon has been a pain in the neck of most developing countries, including nigeria. Nigerian doctors proffer solutions to brain drain in health. Linkpage citation any problem that exists within a health care system cannot be tackled without adequate staff, and indeed, no health care system can exist without a workforce to staff it. The aim of this chapter is to present an overview of the african brain drain in terms of causes, costs, and consequences. The push factors are those aspects, which force people to think about leaving his normal place of abode or move from their native country to neighbouring countries or for more distant places like united kingdom or usa. Article pdf available in african journal of business management 67. The situation of everyday living in nigeria needs no further documentation. Causes and solutions to intellectual brain drain in. Types of brain drain lets start our presentation by defining the three types of brain drain.
Instead of staying here and saying, i want to improve my country, i will go and improve myself. Oct 24, 20 the aim of this chapter is to present an overview of the african brain drain in terms of causes, costs, and consequences. Nov 08, 2014 brain drain vs brain gain a brain drain or human capital flight is an emigration of trained and talented individuals human capital to other nations is called brain drain. Reproduction is authorised provided the authors permission is granted. Jun 05, 2017 one of the reasons is lack of renumeration for hard work.
In our present day nigeria, the state of socioeconomic development dictates the necessity to harness all our resources for the betterment of our people. Leaving nigeria was a difficult decision but she argues that the lack of funding for science there left her with little choice. In section 3 we describe existing evidence on the impact of brain drain on source countries. Nigerias first president, and kwame nkrumah, ghanas first president, studied in the us, and hence at some time were counted in the snapshot of the brain drain, but returned to be instrumental in their respective countrys. Understanding the braindrain in the african diaspora. Bbc news sciencenature addressing nigerias brain drain.
The two types of factors are mainly due to economic reasons, and also domestic. Push factors what makes students from developing countries to stay put in developed countries lack of research funding. Notes brain drain slide 5 types of brain drain lets. African brain drain and its impact on source countries. For example, skilled workers in developing countries such as india or pakistan may be attracted by better rates of pay and working conditions in developed countries, such as the us and western europe. Brain drain is the process that can be described as in which through migration one country losses its most talented and educated workers. Is there any solution to the brain drain of health. Causes of brain drain and possible solutions nigeria news. For several months running, including years for some, ghanaian students on scholarship abroad have been complaining about the nonpayment of. This economic situation deeply affected the medical groups that migration became the chorus of the medical personnel. The main causes of the brain drain can be generally understood when looking at the pushpull theory. Notwithstanding the legitimacy or otherwise of the causes of brain drain the fact is, brain drain is causing incalculable damage to nigeria and other developing nations. Alongside positive feedback effects from remittances, circular migration, and the participation of highskilled migrants in business networks, innovation, and transfers of.
To put an end to brain drain in the health sector, the nigerian government has been advised to provide more funds, emoluments and incentives for medical practitioners. Another problem that the brain drain causes is the cycle of migration and recruitment that occurs in some countries. Not only is our education system failing to deliver the required talent, we have not been able to retain local talent of all races nor attract foreign ones due to poor prospects and a lack of highskilled jobs. Nigerias political system is one which is known for crisis and chaos. The causes of brain drain in nigeria include poor leadership of the country, poor salary and condition of service, mass unemployment, mass poverty etc and effects of brain drain in nigeria include, backwardness of the nation in the comity of nations, shortage of manpower to mount various institutions in the country, loss of tax of migrated manpower to developed countries, loss of tax of migrated manpower to foreign countries. But when we discussed her decision to join the brain drain, we were evidently entering painful territory. The analysis starts with a simple decomposition of the brain drain in two. Brain drain has significantly affected efforts at human resource mobilization for economic development and consequently eroded nigerias leadership role in africa in spite of its enormous population. Sep 01, 2012 furthermore, the brain drain itself perpetuates brain drain. Brain drain refers to the migration of highly qualified, trained and talented persons from one country to another. One conspicuous example is its inability to meet up with the healthrelated aspects of the millennium development goals mdgs scheduled to lapse this year. Nigerias brain drain problem the pointer news online.
Others like sierra leone, somalia, and the drc that have been devastated by civil war are poorly equipped to respond to the brain drain. Causes and effects of brain drain in nigeria research cyber. Since other regions had a larger brain drain, the skill gap between africa and the rest would actually be larger in a counterfactual world of no brain drain with the same amount of skill creation. This perennial situation made the study to examine the factors influencing brain drain among the medical personnel in nigeria, using a selected university teaching hospital complex as a case study. A study of factors influencing brain drain among medical. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. Causes of brain drain push factors pull factors low and eroding wages and salaries. One of the major causes of brain drain is the growing frustration among the youth and the nonavailability of opportunities in the existing social setup. The paper is an investigation of the impact of the brain drain of health practitioners on the health systems in africa with examples from the premier teaching hospital in nigeria.
Reassessing the impacts of brain drain on developing countries. It is the citizens participation in the wellbeing of the country that drives the country forw. What is the effect of brain drain in nigeria economy. Nearly all participants, 94% 17 out of 18, confirmed that a shortage of nigerian medical doctors living and working throughout nigeria exists acknowledging a medical brain drain impacting nigerias hcs. The future of nigerias health system is precarious in view of the huge challenges this single problem of brain drain contributes to the nations health sector.
What makes it so painful is the fact that most of those leaving the country were trained on scholarship. The aim of this paper is to highlight causes and solutions to intellectual brain drain in pakistan. The brain drain problem refers to the situation where a country loses its best workers. The western countries have been the beneficiaries of massive outflow of skilled professionals from developing economies. Oct 18, 2004 one of the major causes of brain drain is the growing frustration among the youth and the nonavailability of opportunities in the existing social setup. Political instability is another cause of brain drain in nigeria. Brain drain is also simply described as human capital flight. Kevin idehen recently completed an mba 09 at the london south bank university and his dissertation topic was. Migration of people from one place to another in countries of the world in search of better conditions of living predates history. Brain drain causes and solutions linkedin slideshare.
According to the international organization for migration iom, africa has already lost one third of. In part this is because of the relatively large percentages of skilled africans going abroad. Over the past 1015 years, about 50% of ethiopians who went abroad for training did not return after. Alongside positive feedback effects from remittances, circular migration, and the participation of highskilled migrants in business networks, innovation, and transfers of technology, consider the effect of figure 2. South africas rain drain the medical brain drain that has stripped south africa of efficiency in running its public hospitals is continuing at a huge annual cost to south africa. The medical brain drain, which exacerbates the shortage of mds, indirectly causes adverse effects on all health outcomes.
Ethiopia ranked first in the continent in terms of rate of loss of human capital, followed by nigeria and ghana. Most lecturers have a good brain, but the environment to express this knowledge is not there, she told me. For several months running, including years for some, ghanaian students on scholarship abroad have been complaining about the nonpayment of their maintenance stipends by the scholarship. They are leaving the country due to poor working conditions that include poor pay package and job insecurity, among others. The problem is the highly skilled persons leave their country and contributes their work to. Thus, the movement of farmers from one location to another in search of fertile grounds for cultivation was in vogue. Some main types of brain drain are brain gain, brain circulation, brain waste etc. Ezenwa ed social sciences at a glance 2009 chapter three 54 human resources effectively. It is the major indicator of the future of the country. The nigerian government often pay less attention to the needs of citizens and development of the country. Nowadays, it means the outflow of human capital from developing countries to developed countries. Modern ghana will not be responsible or liable for any inaccurate or incorrect statements contained in this article.
Abstract brain drain is the cynosure of all the eyes due to high outflow of qualified and skilled workers from pakistan. Jun 20, 2008 causes of migration and the brain drain complex push and pull factors determine the severity of the brain drain and migration for any particular country in africa. Brain drain in developing countries frederic docquier, olivier lohest, and abdeslam marfouk an original data set on international migration by educational attainment for 1990 and 2000 is used to analyze the determinants of brain drain from developing countries. Nigeria, south africa, and ghana, for example, have large numbers of highly educated individuals, although even these countries are increasingly feeling the shortages. From brain drain to brain gain, africas agenda for training, retaining and using its in m. There are many factors which cause brain drain from the less developing countries to the highly developed countries. One of the reasons is lack of renumeration for hard work. Indeed, except for extreme cases, measures that restrict mobility are not the most effective responses to.
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